Pioneer of Computer
Computers seem to advance every day thanks to the great mind that laid the foundation for this invaluable technology.
This series introduces readers to innovators who paved the road for computer science and engineering. Readers will love learning about the biographies of the big names in computers from Ada Lovelace to Steve jobs. This blog will explain early life , education, experience, and inventions of computer pioneer. Fascinating text is paired with photographs to give readers a dynamic learning experience. Sidebars deepen readers' knowledge while timeline presents biographical information in a visual way.
Readers will learn about computer science through the lives of these
creative computer pioneers.
1. Excellent supplement for upper -elementary social studies and technology curricula.
2. Biographical scope offers a high - interest twist on the subject of
computer science and engineering .
3. Biographies highlight successful figures in STEM careers.
Charlies Babbage
( 1791-1871)
The Calculating engines of English mathematician Charles Babbage
are among the most celebrated icons in the prehistory of computing. Babbage 's one of the finest example of precision engineering of the time. Babbage is sometimes " father of computing". The international Charles Babbage institute ) took his name to honor his intellectual contributions and their relation to modern computers.
Gotfried Wilhelm ( von) Leibniz
Gotfried Wilhelm ( von ) Leibniz ( 1 July 1646 -14 November 1716) was a German polymath active as a mathematician , philosopher , scientist, and diplomat. He is prominent figure in both the history of philosophy and history of mathematics. he wrote works on philosophy , theology , ethics , politics, law , history and philology. Leibniz also made major contributions to physics and technology, and anticipated notions that surfaced much later in probability, theory, biology, medicine , geology, psychology, linguistics and computer science.
In addition he contributed to the field of library science: while serving as overseer of the wolfenbuttel library in Germany, he devised a cataloging system that would have served as
a guide for many of Europe's largest libraries. Leibniz's contributions to this vast array of subjects were scattered in various learned journals, in tens of thousands of letters, and in unpublished manuscripts. he wrote in several languages, primarily in Latin , French and German, but also in English , Italian and Dutch.
Ada love lace
English mathematician Ada Lovelace the daughter of the poet lord Byron, has been called " the first computer programmer" for writing an algorithm for a computing machine in the mid - 1800s.
Who was Ada Lovelace?
The daughter of famed poet Lord Byron , Augusta Ada Bryon , countess of Lovelace-better known as " Ada love lace " - showed her gift for mathematics at an early, age. she translated an article on
invention by Charles Babbage, and added her own comments. Because she introduced many computer concepts, Lovelace is considered the first computer programmer. she died on November 27 ,1852,
Blaise Pascal
Blaise Pascal was a French philosopher, mathematician, scientist , inventor, and theologian. In mathematics, he was an early pioneer in the fields of game theory and probability theory . In philosophy he was an early pioneer in existentialism . As writer on theology and religion he was a defender of Christianity. Despite chronic ill health ,pascal made historic contributions to mathematics and to
physical science, including both experimental and theoretical work on hydraulics , atmospheric pressure and the existence and nature of the vacuum . As a scientist and philosopher of science , Pascal championed strict empirical observation and the use of the controlled experiments; he opposed the rationalism and logico- deductive method of the Cartesian; and he opposed the metaphysical speculations and reverence for authority of the theologians of the Middle ages.
Although he never fully abandoned his scientific and mathematical interest, after his uncanny, " Night of Fire" ( the intense mystical illumination and Midnight conversion that he experienced on the evening of Novemrber 23, 1654 ) Pascal turned his talents almost exclusively to religious writng.
it was during the period from 1654 until his death in 1662 that he wrote the letters provincials and pensees .
The Lettres Provinciales is a satirical attack on Jesuit casuistry and polemical defense of Jansenism.
The pensees is posthumously published collection of unfinished notes for what was intended to be a systematic apologia for the christian religion. Along with his scientific writings, these two great literary works have attracted the admiration and critical interest of philosophers and serious readers of
every generation.
Herman Hollerith
Herman Hollerith ( 1860 -1929)
Columbia university school of mines EM 1879,
Columbia university Phd 1890 . Herman Hollerith is widely regarded as the father of modern automatic computation.
He chose the punched card as the basis for storing and processing information and he built the first punched - card tabulating and sorting machines as well as the first key punch, and he founded the company that was to become I .B. M. Hollerith' s designs dominated the computing landscape for almost 100 years.
After receiving his engineer of Mines ( EM) degree at age 19, Hollerith worked on the 1880 Us census, a o laborious and error-prone operation that cried out for mechanization.
After some initial trials with paper tape, he settled on punched cards ( pioneered in the jacquard loom ) to record information , and designed special equipment -- a tabulator and sorter -- to tally the results. his designs won the competition for the 1890 Us census, chosen for their ability to count combined facts . These machines reduced a ten - year job to three months ( some sources give different numbers ranging from six weeks to three years ).
saved 1890 taxpayers five million dollars , and earned him an 1890 Columbia PhD. This was the first wholly successful information processing system to replace pen and Paper. Hollerith's machines were also used for census for Russia , France, Norway ,Puerto Rico ,
Cuba , and Philippines, and again in the us census of 1900. In 1911
Hollerith's company merged with several others to form the computing-Tabulating-Recording Company ( CTR ) , Which changed its name to internation Business Machines Corporation ( IBM) 1924 .
Howard Aiken
Howard Aiken in full Howard hathaway aiken, ( born march 9, 1900,Hoboken, New jersey , U-S died march 14 ,1973 , st. Louis Missouri).
mathematician who invented the Harvard mark 1, forerunner of the modern Electronic digital computer.
Aiken did engineering work while he attended the university of Wisconsin, Madison . After completing his decorate at
Harvard University in 1939, He remained there for a short period to teach before undertaking war work for the U. S Navy Board of ordnance.
With three other engineers -clair D. Lake, B. M Durfee, and F. E Hamilton - Aiken began work in 1939 on an automatic calculating machine that could perform any selected sequence of five arithmetical operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and reference to previous results ) without human intervention. The first such machine , the Mark 1 was completed by aiken and his partners in February 1944: 51 feet ( 15.3 m ) long and 8 feet (2.4 m ) high , it weighed partners in February 1944: 51 feet (15.3 m) long and 8 feet ( 2. 4 m ) high , it weighed 35 tons ( 31, 500 kg ) and contained about 500 miles ( 800 km) of wire and more than 3, 000, 000 connections. The Mark 1 was programmed to solve problems by means of a paper tape on which coded instructions were punched once so programmed, the calculator could be operated by persons with little training. the mark I was used by the U.S navy for work in Gunnery ,ballistics , and design . continuing his work , Aiken completed an improved all -electric Mark II in 1947.
he also authored numerous articles on electronics , switching theory , and data processing.
Grace hopper
1906-1992
At a very young age Grace Murray Hopper showed an interest in engineering. As a child , she would often take apart household
goods and put them back together. Little did her family know,
her curiously would eventually gain her recognition from the highest office in the land.
Hopper was born on December 9, 1906 in New York City. As a child , she attended a preparatory school in new jersey. Later, she enrolled at Vassar College . After graduating with her bachelor' degree, Hopper went to Yale University, where she earned her Masters and PhD in Mathematics. Afterwards she began teaching at Vassar College.
In 1943 , hopper resigned her at Vassar to join the Navy Waves ( women accepted for Voluntary Emergency Service) .
In 1944 , she was commissioned as a Lieutenant ( Junior Grade ) and assigned to the Bureau of ordnance computation project at
Harvard University . Her team worked on and produced the Mark I,
and early prototype of the electronic computer, Hopper wrote a 500
page Manual of operations for he Automatic Sequence-controlled Calculator in which she outlined the fundamental operating principles of computing machines , Additionally , while working on Mark 1 , Hopper coined the word " bug" to describe a computer malfunction.
After the end of the war , Hopper became a research fellow on the
Harvard faculty and in 1949 joined the Eckert-Mauchly
corporation, continuing her pioneering work on computer technology.
Hopper was involved in the creation of UNIVAC, the first all
electronic digital computer. She invented the first computer compiler, a program that translates written instructions into codes that
computers read directly . This work led her to co-develop the Cobol , one of the earliest standeredeid computer language.
COBOL enabled computers to respond to words in addition to numbers.
Hoppers also lectured widely on computers , giving up to 300 lectured widely on computers, giving up to 300 lectures per year.
she predicted that computers would one day be small
enough to fit on disk and people who were not professionals programmer would use them in every day of life.
Vannevar Bush
Vannevar Bush, (born March 11, 1890, Everett, Mass., U.S.—died June 28, 1974, Belmont, Mass.), American electrical engineer and administrator who developed the Differential Analyzer and oversaw government mobilization of scientific research during World War II.
Education
The son of a universalist minister, Bush received his bachelor's and master's degrees in mathematics from Tufts college ( Medford, Massachusetts) in 1913.
Following a sequence of teaching and electronics jobs , he returned to graduate studies and , in 1916 ,received a doctorate in electrical engineering that was awarded jointly by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT) , then located in Boston, and Harvard university , in nearby Cambridge.
Bush returned to Tufts an instructor in the fall of 1916 and soon became involved in antisubmarine research.
A submarine - detection device that he invented
during World War I was not adopted by U.S Navy , probably owing to Bush's lack of access to government policy makers
- an obstacle he would rectify in the next war.
Dennis Richie
Dennis Mac Alistair Richie ( b. September 9, 1941 ; found dead October 12 , 2011) commonly known by his user name dmr. was an American computer scientist who " helped" shape the digital era" . He created C programming language and , with long-time colleague, Ken Thompson , the UNIX operating system . Richie and Thompson received the turning Award from the Associations for computing Machinery ( ACM) in 1983 . The
hamming Medal from the institute of
Electrical and Electrons Engineers( EEE) in 1990 and the
national Medal of Technology from president Clinton in 1999.
Ritchie was the head of Lucent Technologies System software Research Department when he retired in 2007.
The ' R' of the K & R C books stand for his name.
sssssdddd